- Themenbeschreibung: The study of radar targets and their electromagnetic wave reflectivity models holds paramount importance in radar simulations. Traditionally, radar scenarios have operated under the assumption that the echo component is narrower than the radar resolution, allowing for the modeling of reflectivity as point scatter. However, with the current evolution of modern radar systems, such as Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC), i.e. for intelligent transportation and surveillance, this assumption no longer holds. ISAC systems feature higher resolution in range, Doppler, and angle observations than the extension of echo-pattern, particularly in scenarios involving larger targets such as cars or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This necessitates the development of new reflectivity models capable of accurately capturing the characteristics of extended echo patterns, including consideration for micro-Doppler effects. This thesis seeks to address this critical research gap by proposing novel reflectivity modeling approaches for extended echo patterns for radar targets. By investigating and developing these models, we aim to enhance the realism and accuracy of radar simulations in ISAC scenarios. - Literature review on reflectivity models and radar cross section (RCS) for extended targets. - Identify the analytical and computational requirements for reflectivity models of extended targets. - Identification of suitable modeling approaches - Implementation and development of new reflectivity models - Evaluation of results - Documentation of results and final thesis The results achieved in the thesis are to be presented extensively in a written elaboration. The program source code must be sufficiently commented. The DFG rules for good scientific practice are to be respected in the preparation of the thesis. The execution of the work can be done in English as well as in German language.
- Themengebiete:
- Voraussetzungen:
- Betreuer: Carsten Smeenk
- Hochschullehrer: Prof. Albert Heuberger
- Themenbeschreibung: Water loss caused by leakages in water distribution pipes is a major problem, especially in regions where water is a scarce resource. In addition to wasting valuable drinking water, leakages can lead to significant economic costs, increased energy consumption for water treatment and pumping, damage to infrastructure, and potential contamination of the water supply. Early detection and precise localization of leakages are therefore of great importance for sustainable and efficient water management. Smart sensor systems already exist that are capable of detecting and localizing leakages with high accuracy. These systems make use of the characteristic acoustic noise generated by leaking water. Localization is typically performed by correlating the measured signals from different sensors. This approach, however, requires highly precise time synchronization between the sensors, which is difficult to achieve in practice. Another challenge is that these sensors are usually deployed underground. This makes the use of conventional cellular networks difficult due to poor signal propagation through soil. In addition, power consumption is a critical issue, since such sensors are often expected to operate for several years without battery replacement. A promising alternative to cellular communication is offered by so-called Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN), such as mioty. These networks enable energy-efficient operation and can also use low carrier frequencies, which provide excellent propagation conditions for electromagnetic waves, even in underground environments. However, the achievable data rate is very limited. Therefore, the goal of this Master’s thesis is to develop approaches for significantly reducing the amount of data that must be exchanged for reliable leakage detection and localization. Possible solutions may be based on artificial intelligence methods or classical signal processing techniques. The developed algorithms will be implemented in Python and evaluated using real measurement data. The thesis consists of the following tasks: - Literature review - Development of a suitable acoustic channel model - Development of suitable algorithms for leakage detection and localization - Analysis of the complexity and performance of the algorithms - Validation using real-world measurement data The results achieved in the thesis must be presented comprehensively in a written report. The program source code must be adequately documented and commented. The DFG guidelines for good scientific practice must be observed in the preparation of the thesis. The thesis may be written in either English or German.
- Themengebiete:
- Voraussetzungen:
- Betreuer: NN
- Hochschullehrer: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Robert
- Themenbeschreibung: Ultra-Wideband-Technologie (UWB) ermöglicht präzise Entfernungsmessungen und wird bereits in Anwendungen wie Fahrzeugzugangssystemen und der Objektlokalisierung eingesetzt. Auch für medizinische und körpernahe Anwendungen ist UWB interessant. Die Signalausbreitung in unmittelbarer Nähe des menschlichen Körpers kann jedoch durch Abschattung, Reflexionen und unterschiedliche Gerätepositionen beeinflusst werden.
Ziel dieser Bachelor- beziehungsweise Masterarbeit ist es, gemeinsam mit dem Fraunhofer IIS die Eignung von UWB für Entfernungsmessungen am menschlichen Körper zu untersuchen. Hierzu werden geeignete UWB-Komponenten ausgewählt, ein Testsystem aufgebaut und Messungen unter verschiedenen Bedingungen durchgeführt. Optional können Verfahren zur Kalibrierung und Verbesserung der Messgenauigkeit entwickelt werden.
Die konkreten Aufgaben sind:
1. Einarbeitung in die Grundlagen der UWB-Technologie und der UWB-basierten Entfernungsmessung. 2. Recherche zu körpernahen, medizinischen und physiologischen UWB-Anwendungen sowie Analyse der relevanten Anforderungen. 3. Auswahl und Vergleich geeigneter UWB-ICs oder Entwicklungssysteme. 4. Entwicklung und Implementierung eines Versuchsaufbaus zur Untersuchung körperbedingter Einflüsse. 5. Durchführung und Auswertung von Messungen bei unterschiedlichen Abständen, Gerätepositionen, Körperhaltungen und Ausbreitungsbedingungen. 6. Optional: Entwicklung und Untersuchung von Kalibrierverfahren oder Algorithmen zur Verbesserung der Messgenauigkeit.
Die Ergebnisse müssen in einer schriftlichen Arbeit dokumentiert werden. Der entwickelte Quellcode ist zur besseren Nachvollziehbarkeit angemessen zu kommentieren. Darüber hinaus sind die Leitlinien der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) zur Sicherung guter wissenschaftlicher Praxis einzuhalten. Der Einsatz KI-basierter Werkzeuge muss vorab mit den Betreuenden abgestimmt und in der schriftlichen Arbeit angemessen deklariert werden.
- Themengebiete:
- Voraussetzungen:
- Betreuer: Markus Jechow
- Hochschullehrer: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Robert
